Echolocation signals of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in Kaikoura, New Zealand.

An array of four hydrophones arranged in a symmetrical star configuration was used to measure the echolocation signals of the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) near the Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand. Most of the echolocation signals had bi-modal frequency spectra with a low-frequency peak between 40 and 50 kHz and a high-frequency peak between 80 and 110 kHz. The low-frequency peak was dominant when the source level was low and the high frequency peak dominated when the source level was high. The center frequencies in the dusky broadband echolocation signals are among the highest of dolphins measured in the field. Peak-to-peak source levels as high as 210 dB re 1 microPa were measured, although the average was much lower in value. The levels of the echolocation signals are about 9-12 dB lower than for the larger white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) which belongs to the same genus but is over twice as heavy as the dusky dolphins. The source level varied in amplitude approximately as a function of the one-way transmission loss for signals traveling from the animals to the array. The wave form and spectrum of the echolocation signals were similar to those of other dolphins measured in the field.