BACKGROUND: Rates of psychotic disorder and related attenuated psychotic experiences are higher in urban areas. We examined to what degree differences between urban and rural areas could be attributed to differences in cognitive development. METHOD: Scores on the nine subscales of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) as well as IQ and specific neuropsychological functions of memory and attention were assessed in a representative sample of 943 young army conscripts from the 49 counties of Greece. RESULTS: Young men from urban areas had higher scores on the SPQ subscale Odd beliefs/magical thinking (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.78), but lower scores on Excessive social anxiety (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.49, 0.81) and No close friends (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.62). Adjustment for demographic factors, IQ and specific neuropsychological functions did not change the results. When the lower scores on Excessive social anxiety and No close friends were taken into account, the differences on the Odd beliefs/magical thinking subscale became even more pronounced (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS: Young men from urban areas are socially more competent, but display higher levels of positive psychotic experiences, which are not mediated by lower IQ or higher levels of neuropsychological impairment.
BACKGROUND: Rates of psychotic disorder and related attenuated psychotic experiences are higher in urban areas. We examined to what degree differences between urban and rural areas could be attributed to differences in cognitive development. METHOD: Scores on the nine subscales of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) as well as IQ and specific neuropsychological functions of memory and attention were assessed in a representative sample of 943 young army conscripts from the 49 counties of Greece. RESULTS: Young men from urban areas had higher scores on the SPQ subscale Odd beliefs/magical thinking (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.78), but lower scores on Excessive social anxiety (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.49, 0.81) and No close friends (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.62). Adjustment for demographic factors, IQ and specific neuropsychological functions did not change the results. When the lower scores on Excessive social anxiety and No close friends were taken into account, the differences on the Odd beliefs/magical thinking subscale became even more pronounced (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS: Young men from urban areas are socially more competent, but display higher levels of positive psychotic experiences, which are not mediated by lower IQ or higher levels of neuropsychological impairment.
Authors: Joseph S DeLuca; Derek M Novacek; Laura H Adery; Shaynna N Herrera; Yulia Landa; Cheryl M Corcoran; Elaine F Walker Journal: Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health Date: 2022-03-23
Authors: Dalton Conley; Mark L Siegal; Benjamin W Domingue; Kathleen Mullan Harris; Matthew B McQueen; Jason D Boardman Journal: J Hum Genet Date: 2014-03-06 Impact factor: 3.172
Authors: Vincent Koppelmans; Robert Schoevers; Cecile Gijsbers van Wijk; Wijnand Mulder; Annett Hornbach; Emile Barkhof; André Klaassen; Marieke van Egmond; Janine van Venrooij; Yan Bijpost; Hans Nusselder; Marjan van Herrewaarden; Igor Maksimovic; Alexander Achilles; Jack Dekker Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2009-09-03 Impact factor: 3.295