Single-fiber recording: in vivo and in vitro preparations.

This chapter focuses on in vivo and in vitro recording setups of extracellular single-unit recordings of peripheral sensory nerve or dorsal root fibers in rodents. Extracellular single-unit recording methods have been used to obtain a wealth of data about the properties of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) structures. The rationale for studying the activity of single-unit primary afferent fibers is predicated on the significance of relatively fine variations of fiber responsiveness to mechanical, chemical, and/or thermal stimuli. It involves microdissection of nerve fiber bundles until the electrical activity of a single fiber is isolated. Electrophysiological changes in thresholds and discharge rates of peripheral nociceptors to polymodal stimuli can provide neurophysiological correlation to behavioral hyperalgesia and allodynia as well as to cellular differences observable with immunohistochemistry. This chapter gives an overview about the necessary general and special equipment, details about the different setups and tissue preparations. Additionally, the chapter informs about the procedure of recording from single units, data acquisition and analysis including unit isolation criteria and techniques for spike discrimination techniques and fiber classification. It describes criteria for the classification of nociceptors and identification of cutaneous afferent units.