Copper transport across pea thylakoid membranes.

The initial rate of Cu2+ movement across the thylakoid membrane of pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts was directly measured by stopped-flow spectrofluorometry using membranes loaded with the Cu(2+)-sensitive fluorophore Phen Green SK. Cu2+ transport was rapid, reaching completion within 0.5 s. The initial rate of uptake was dependent upon Cu2+ concentration and saturated at about 0.6 microm total Cu2+. Cu2+ uptake was maximal at a thylakoid lumen pH of 7.0. Cu2+ transport was inhibited by Zn2+ but was largely unaffected by Mn2+ and Cu+. Zn2+ inhibited Cu2+ transport to a maximum of 60%, indicating that there may be more than one transporter for copper in pea thylakoid membranes.