Subversive neuroinvasive strategy of rabies virus.

Rabies virus (RABV) is a pathogen well-adapted to the nervous system, where it infects the neurons. RABV is transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. It enters the nervous system via a motor neuron through the neuromuscular junction, or via a sensory nerve through nerve spindles. It then travels from one neuron to the next, along the spinal cord to the brain and the salivary glands. The virions are then excreted in the saliva of the animal and can be transmitted to another host by bite. Thus, preservation of the neuronal network integrity is crucial for the virus to be transmitted. Successful invasion of the nervous system by RABV seems to be the result of a subversive strategy based on the survival of infected neurons including protection against virus-mediated apoptosis and destruction of T cells that invade the CNS in response to infection.