Sequential exocytosis of insulin granules is associated with redistribution of SNAP25.

We have investigated sequential exocytosis in beta cells of intact pancreatic islets with the use of two-photon excitation imaging of a polar fluorescent tracer, sulforhodamine B, and a fusion protein comprising enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and the SNARE protein SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kD) transfected with an adenoviral vector. Sequential exocytosis was found to account for <10% of exocytic events in beta cells stimulated either with glucose under various conditions or by photolysis of a caged-Ca2+ compound. Multigranular exocytosis, in which granule-to-granule fusion occurs before exocytosis, was rarely found. We detected redistribution of ECFP-SNAP25 from the plasma membrane into the membrane of the fused granule occurred in a large proportion (54%) of sequential exocytic events but in only a small fraction (5%) of solitary fusion events. Removal of cholesterol in the plasma membrane by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin facilitated both redistribution of ECFP-SNAP25 and sequential exocytosis by threefold. These observations support the hypothesis that SNAP25 is a plasma membrane factor that is responsible for sequential exocytosis.