OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants. METHODS: A meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy was carried out using data from 24 case-control and cohort studies. FINDINGS: Consistent, moderate and statistically significant associations were found between maternal smoking and cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44) and between maternal smoking and cleft palate (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.35). There was evidence of a modest dose-response effect for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. CONCLUSION: The evidence of an association between maternal tobacco smoking and orofacial clefts is strong enough to justify its use in anti-smoking campaigns.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants. METHODS: A meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy was carried out using data from 24 case-control and cohort studies. FINDINGS: Consistent, moderate and statistically significant associations were found between maternal smoking and cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44) and between maternal smoking and cleft palate (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.35). There was evidence of a modest dose-response effect for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. CONCLUSION: The evidence of an association between maternal tobacco smoking and orofacial clefts is strong enough to justify its use in anti-smoking campaigns.
Authors: Cara T Mai; Cynthia H Cassell; Robert E Meyer; Jennifer Isenburg; Mark A Canfield; Russel Rickard; Richard S Olney; Erin B Stallings; Meredith Beck; S Shahrukh Hashmi; Sook Ja Cho; Russell S Kirby Journal: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol Date: 2014-11-14
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Authors: Denise M Levis; Brenda Stone-Wiggins; Michelle O'Hegarty; Van T Tong; Kara N D Polen; Cynthia H Cassell; Mary Council Journal: Am J Health Behav Date: 2014-09
Authors: Alicia E Genisca; Jaime L Frías; Cheryl S Broussard; Margaret A Honein; Edward J Lammer; Cynthia A Moore; Gary M Shaw; Jeffrey C Murray; Wei Yang; Sonja A Rasmussen Journal: Am J Med Genet A Date: 2009-06 Impact factor: 2.802