PURPOSE: This study investigated the cellular distribution of different multidrug resistance (MDR)-related proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) 1 and 2, and the major vault protein (MVP) in normal and sclerotic hippocampus of patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: Single- and double-label immunocytochemistry was used on brain sections of control hippocampus and of hippocampus of refractory MTLE patients. RESULTS: In TLE cases with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), all four MDR proteins examined that had low or no expression in control tissue were upregulated, albeit with different cellular distribution patterns. P-gp immunoreactivity (IR) was observed in astrocytes in regions with diffuse reactive gliosis. In 75% of HS cases, strong P-gp IR was detected in blood vessels, with prominent endothelial labeling. Reactive astrocytes displayed low MRP1 IR. However, glial MRP1 expression was noted in glial endfoot processes around blood vessels. Neuronal MRP1 expression was observed in hypertrophic hilar neurons and in a few residual neurons of the CA1 region. Hippocampal MRP2 expression was observed in the large majority of HS cases in blood vessels. Hypertrophic hilar neurons and blood vessels within the sclerotic hippocampus expressed major vault protein (MVP). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MDR proteins are upregulated in concert in the hippocampus of patients with refractory MTLE, supporting their role in the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. The specific cell-distribution patterns within the sclerotic hippocampus suggest different cellular functions, not necessarily linked only to clinical drug resistance.
PURPOSE: This study investigated the cellular distribution of different multidrug resistance (MDR)-related proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) 1 and 2, and the major vault protein (MVP) in normal and sclerotic hippocampus of patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: Single- and double-label immunocytochemistry was used on brain sections of control hippocampus and of hippocampus of refractory MTLE patients. RESULTS: In TLE cases with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), all four MDR proteins examined that had low or no expression in control tissue were upregulated, albeit with different cellular distribution patterns. P-gp immunoreactivity (IR) was observed in astrocytes in regions with diffuse reactive gliosis. In 75% of HS cases, strong P-gp IR was detected in blood vessels, with prominent endothelial labeling. Reactive astrocytes displayed low MRP1 IR. However, glial MRP1 expression was noted in glial endfoot processes around blood vessels. Neuronal MRP1 expression was observed in hypertrophic hilar neurons and in a few residual neurons of the CA1 region. Hippocampal MRP2 expression was observed in the large majority of HS cases in blood vessels. Hypertrophic hilar neurons and blood vessels within the sclerotic hippocampus expressed major vault protein (MVP). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MDR proteins are upregulated in concert in the hippocampus of patients with refractory MTLE, supporting their role in the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. The specific cell-distribution patterns within the sclerotic hippocampus suggest different cellular functions, not necessarily linked only to clinical drug resistance.
Authors: F Anthony Willyerd; Philip E Empey; Ashley Philbrick; Milos D Ikonomovic; Ava M Puccio; Patrick M Kochanek; David O Okonkwo; Robert S B Clark Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2015-06-17 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Lora D Weidner; Pavitra Kannan; Nicholas Mitsios; Sun J Kang; Matthew D Hall; William H Theodore; Robert B Innis; Jan Mulder Journal: Epilepsia Date: 2018-07-21 Impact factor: 5.864