Treatment implications for radiation-induced nausea and vomiting in specific patient groups.

Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) affect the management and quality of life of cancer patients. Current guidelines for RINV prevention recommend prophylaxis with a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT(3))-receptor antagonist for patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic radiotherapy regimens. Randomised trials have compared such antagonists with conventional antiemetics, and have demonstrated their efficacy and safety. Special consideration is needed for antiemetic treatment in certain patient groups, particularly the elderly and those with renal or hepatic impairment. Radiation oncologists should be aware of the effect on antiemetic treatment of factors such as comorbid conditions (particularly cardiovascular disease), polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions, and choose the agent with the lowest potential for additional complications. The most appropriate antiemetic treatment to improve patient compliance and quality of life should ideally combine proven efficacy with uncomplicated administration and convenient dosing regimens.