BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have shown that the majority of African women were infected with multiple HIV-1 genetic variants, while in the remaining women only a single viral genotype was detected early in infection. Infection with multiple viral variants was associated with higher plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and faster CD4 T-cell decline. METHOD: Socio-behavioral characteristics, use of hormonal contraceptives, and the presence of sexually transmitted diseases were prospectively assessed at approximately monthly intervals around the time of HIV-1 acquisition in female sex workers in Kenya. We assessed the relationship between these factors and HIV-1 genetic complexity early in infection. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six women were included in this analysis, of whom 89 had multiple viral genotypes and 67 had a single genotype at primary infection. Women with multiple variants were more likely to have a genital tract infection [odds ratio (OR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-18.1] or to be using hormonal contraceptives (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6) at the time of their infection than those with a single variant. In multivariate analyses, these factors were independent predictors of early HIV-1 genetic complexity, and the presence of multiple viral variants early in infection remained significantly associated with a higher steady state plasma HIV-1 RNA level. CONCLUSION: The presence of genital tract infections and hormonal contraceptive use at the time of transmission were associated with the acquisition of multiple HIV-1 variants.
BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have shown that the majority of African women were infected with multiple HIV-1 genetic variants, while in the remaining women only a single viral genotype was detected early in infection. Infection with multiple viral variants was associated with higher plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and faster CD4 T-cell decline. METHOD: Socio-behavioral characteristics, use of hormonal contraceptives, and the presence of sexually transmitted diseases were prospectively assessed at approximately monthly intervals around the time of HIV-1 acquisition in female sex workers in Kenya. We assessed the relationship between these factors and HIV-1 genetic complexity early in infection. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six women were included in this analysis, of whom 89 had multiple viral genotypes and 67 had a single genotype at primary infection. Women with multiple variants were more likely to have a genital tract infection [odds ratio (OR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-18.1] or to be using hormonal contraceptives (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6) at the time of their infection than those with a single variant. In multivariate analyses, these factors were independent predictors of early HIV-1 genetic complexity, and the presence of multiple viral variants early in infection remained significantly associated with a higher steady state plasma HIV-1 RNA level. CONCLUSION: The presence of genital tract infections and hormonal contraceptive use at the time of transmission were associated with the acquisition of multiple HIV-1 variants.
Authors: Chelsea B Polis; Maria J Wawer; Noah Kiwanuka; Oliver Laeyendecker; Joseph Kagaayi; Tom Lutalo; Fred Nalugoda; Godfrey Kigozi; David Serwadda; Ronald H Gray Journal: AIDS Date: 2010-07-31 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Charles S Morrison; Pai-Lien Chen; Immaculate Nankya; Anne Rinaldi; Barbara Van Der Pol; Yun-Rong Ma; Tsungai Chipato; Roy Mugerwa; Megan Dunbar; Eric Arts; Robert A Salata Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2011-06-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Andrew D Redd; Aleisha N Collinson-Streng; Nikolaos Chatziandreou; Caroline E Mullis; Oliver Laeyendecker; Craig Martens; Stacy Ricklefs; Noah Kiwanuka; Phyu Hninn Nyein; Tom Lutalo; Mary K Grabowski; Xiangrong Kong; Jordyn Manucci; Nelson Sewankambo; Maria J Wawer; Ronald H Gray; Stephen F Porcella; Anthony S Fauci; Manish Sagar; David Serwadda; Thomas C Quinn Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2012-09-19 Impact factor: 5.226