Role of extracellular magnesium in insulin secretion from rat insulinoma cells.

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an abundant intracellular cation that participates in the regulation of the intracellular concentration of ATP. In this study, we examined the relationship between insulin secretion and intracellular free Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i) in a rat-insulinoma cell line (RIN m5F), using a fluorescent dye (Mag-fura-2). KCI, forskolin, and D-glyceraldehyde increased [Mg2+]i and insulin secretion from RIN m5F cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Verapamil, a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker, inhibited the increase of [Mg2+]i that was evoked by KCI, forskolin, and D-glyceraldehyde. In a Mg(2+)-free buffer, these agents failed to cause an elevation in [Mg2+]i; however, the insulin response to KCI and forskolin was enhanced, compared with that in the presence of Mg2+ (1.25 mM). Our findings suggest that [Mg2+]i is dependent upon extracellular Mg2+, and the influx through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. Mg2+ may competitively inhibit the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, which is known to play a role in insulin secretion. An absence of Mg2+ in the extracellular space may result in enhanced insulin secretion. [Mg2+]i may play a role in insulin secretion from RIN m5F cells.