Hemolysis following an out-of-group platelet transfusion in an 8-month-old with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

This article describes an 8-month-old boy with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and A-positive blood group who developed a febrile hemolytic transfusion reaction with hepatic and renal failure leading to his death secondary to hemolysis from an out-of-group platelet transfusion from an O-positive donor. High-titer anti-A antibody caused the hemolysis. Volume reduction of out-of-group platelets should be considered, particularly when single-donor platelet pheresis platelets are used in children with small plasma volumes.