Stem cell-mediated tolerance inducing strategies in organ transplantation.

The scope of possible tools to modulate the recipients immune response towards tolerance induction basically includes deletional and non deletional mechanisms, which are currently targeted by various strategies including monoclonal antibodies, cytokine deviation, chimerism induction and the support of regulating T-cells. Here we summarize the main findings in the field derived from experimental animal studies and currently performed clinical studies. This review focuses to give a clinically relevant overview over relevant tolerance inducing concepts, taking into consideration risk profiles and clinical efficacy associated with specific immunosuppressive regiments currently applied in the clinical setting of transplantation.