[Research utilization in health policy-making: obstacles and strategies].

Management of a health system requires knowledge of the health situation and administration, among other factors. The use of scientific knowledge by health policy-makers is thus recommendable. However, policy-making processes and scientific practices themselves often appear to pose obstacles to the actual utilization of research results. Many such obstacles result from reifying views of the decision-making process and objectivist conceptions of science. We propose a re-conceptualization of health policy-making and scientific practices based on the language game notion. The use of research results would thus become an exchange of significant metaphors between policy-makers and scientists. Adoption of pluralistic research systems and intensification of interfaces between researchers and policy-makers in a context of knowledge-sharing would be the main strategies to improve this exchange. Such strategies would be efficient to the extent that they succeeded in drawing science and common sense closer together, thereby transforming both.