Cholestasis in HIV-infected patients.

Cholestasis is frequently observed in the HIV-infected population and can be caused by drugs, such as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and antimicrobial agents, and by opportunistic infections of the liver. Less common causes such as HIV-related malignancies or biliary tract disease are also encountered. Most disorders respond to medical management, but patient outcome was often dictated by the stage of the HIV infection and concomitant illnesses in the pre-HAART era. Prompt recognition and specific treatment may improve the outcome for these patients in the HAART era.