Pain perception in patients undergoing bone marrow puncture--a pilot study.

The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the perception of pain, anxiety, and depressive tendency in performance of bone marrow puncture. 93 consecutive patients (62% men, 38% women) from a hematological oncology outpatient department ages 20 to 85 years (M age = 53.7, SD = 15.1) were questioned. On average, the patients had undergone 2.5 (+/- 2.6) punctures. The underlying disease was leukemia in 49%, malignant lymphoma in 41%, another malignant disease in 2%, and there was a benign condition in 8%. Depression and general anxiety were measured using the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS-D). Fear of puncture and perception of pain were registered with visual analog scales. Patients with increased scores of anxiety or depressive tendency on the HADS-D suffered significantly more severely from fear of puncture and pain than patients with normal scores. However, the puncture-related fear in the group as a whole correlated markedly more closely with the intensity and tolerability of pain than did general fear and depressive tendency. This finding must be considered when planning psychological interventions in this group of patients.