BACKGROUND: N-butyl cyanoacrylate injection has been shown to be effective and safe for the endoscopic treatment of gastric varices. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is not available in the United States, but use of a similar agent, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, recently was approved for skin closure. This pilot study prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate injection for treatment of gastric fundal varices. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with large gastric fundal varices with either stigmata of recent hemorrhage, a history of bleeding, or high-risk varices underwent intravariceal injection of undiluted 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The end points for this study were cessation of active bleeding, successful obliteration of visible varices, and prevention of bleeding. RESULTS: Within 2 weeks of treatment, 52% of patients had a history of significant variceal bleeding, and 12% had active gastric variceal bleeding at the time of injection. The rate of immediate hemostasis was 100%. Gastric variceal bleeding recurred in 4% of patients (mean follow-up 11 months). The overall mortality rate was 12%; the bleeding-related mortality rate was 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate appears to be efficacious and safe for both prevention and control of gastric variceal hemorrhage. Larger studies are required to further establish the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate for treatment of gastric fundal varices.
BACKGROUND:N-butyl cyanoacrylate injection has been shown to be effective and safe for the endoscopic treatment of gastric varices. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is not available in the United States, but use of a similar agent, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, recently was approved for skin closure. This pilot study prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate injection for treatment of gastric fundal varices. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with large gastric fundal varices with either stigmata of recent hemorrhage, a history of bleeding, or high-risk varices underwent intravariceal injection of undiluted 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The end points for this study were cessation of active bleeding, successful obliteration of visible varices, and prevention of bleeding. RESULTS: Within 2 weeks of treatment, 52% of patients had a history of significant variceal bleeding, and 12% had active gastric variceal bleeding at the time of injection. The rate of immediate hemostasis was 100%. Gastric variceal bleeding recurred in 4% of patients (mean follow-up 11 months). The overall mortality rate was 12%; the bleeding-related mortality rate was 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate appears to be efficacious and safe for both prevention and control of gastric variceal hemorrhage. Larger studies are required to further establish the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate for treatment of gastric fundal varices.
Authors: Matheus Cavalcante Franco; Gustavo Flores Gomes; Frank Shigeo Nakao; Gustavo Andrade de Paulo; Angelo Paulo Ferrari; Ermelindo Della Libera Journal: World J Gastrointest Endosc Date: 2014-06-16