Atlas of Hox gene expression in the developing kidney.

Hox genes often play important roles in segment identity determination and organogenesis. To better understand the roles of Hox genes during kidney development, we performed an extensive analysis of their expression patterns. Section in situ hybridizations were used to define the expression of 37 Hox genes at embryonic day (E) 12.5, E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5 of kidney development. Several interesting principles emerged. First, the concept of colinearity was preserved. Hox genes from the more 3' positions in clusters were more often expressed in the ureteric bud, which is derived from the anterior of the intermediate mesoderm. Second, Hox genes were expressed throughout the ureteric bud without any segment specificity. Third, in the different segments of the forming nephron we did observe overlapping domains of Hox gene expression, which initiated distally at the junction between the nephron and ureteric bud, and extended proximally variable distances. Finally, we observed that paralogous Hox genes often showed surprisingly diverse expression patterns. Indeed, contiguous genes on a single cluster more often showed similar expression patterns than paralogs. In summary, the resulting atlas of Hox gene expression provides a foundation for further study of the overlapping functions Hox genes in the developing kidney.