Empowerment of individuals with enduring mental health problems: results from concept analyses and qualitative investigations.

Empowerment has been proposed to enhance the well-being of individuals with enduring mental health problems. Despite this apparent endorsement, critics charge that the concept of empowerment is poorly defined, and its actualization within mental health care is rare. Concept analyses and findings from qualitative research offer helpful insights into the process of empowerment and ways to promote it among individuals with long-term mental health problems. An empowerment model is proposed based on concept analyses, which are supported by qualitative findings.