Simultaneous analysis of coenzyme Q10 in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets: comparison of the antioxidant level in blood cells and their environment in healthy children and after oral supplementation in adults.

BACKGROUND: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) originates from food intake as well as from endogenous synthesis. While plasma concentrations may be influenced by dietary uptake, little is known whether concentrations in plasma reflect or influence intracellular concentrations.
METHODS: For clinical routine investigation of intracellular CoQ10 contents, blood erythrocytes and platelets were isolated by Ficoll separating solution and CoQ10 analysed using HPLC. The intracellular concentrations were compared to environmental plasma concentrations of 50 clinically healthy infants and additionally after exogenous pharmaceutical supplementation of CoQ10 (3 mg/kg/day) to 12 adult probands for 14 days.
RESULTS: In healthy children, no correlation between plasma concentration and content in blood cells was found. A negative correlation exists between the year of life of the infants and CoQ10 concentrations in plasma correlated to cholesterol content. Probands supplemented with CoQ10 showed a distinct response in plasma concentrations after 14 days. While excessive environmental supplementation was without influence on erythrocyte concentrations, a positive correlation exists between plasma content and concentrations in platelets as mitochondria containing cell lines.
CONCLUSIONS: Under physiologically normal conditions, blood cells or organs may regulate their CoQ10 content independently from environmental supply. Effects may be expected in situations of deficiency or excessive supply. Erythrocyte concentration of CoQ10 keeps independent from environmental supply. Thus incorporation into outer cell membranes may be limited. However, an excessive environmental supply may influence inner compartments like mitochondrial membranes.