A longitudinal study of the matrix changes induced in the intervertebral disc by surgical damage to the annulus fibrosus.

A 5 x 5-mm anterolateral incision was made in the annulus fibrosus (AF) of lumbar discs of 16 sheep; four animals of similar age not operated on were used as controls. The experimental animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 months postoperatively (PO), and the incised and adjacent lumbar discs were collected. Discs were dissected into four zones: AF (zones 1 and 2) and nucleus pulposus (NP) (zones 3 and 4) corresponding to the half of the AF in which the cut was made and its opposite half, and the complementary halves of the NP. Each zone was analyzed for moisture, proteoglycan (PG), collagen, and noncollagenous protein (NCP) content. The PG extractability, aggregation, and hydrodynamic size were also examined. The NP of injured discs showed a significant loss of PGs and collagen 8 months PO, but NCP levels increased. In the incised discs, PG aggregation initially declined but recovered to within control values 6-8 months PO. The NP of discs adjacent to the incised disc also showed time-dependent changes in matrix components that included loss of collagen and PG; however, the AF matrix remained essentially uneffected. Double immunodiffusion studies indicated that a sizeable proportion of the NCPs present in the injured discs (but not the adjacent lumbar discs) were derived from serum.