[Endovascular treatment of extensive carotid cavernous fistulas by superior ophthalmic vein approach. Technique and illustration of two cases].

Treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas is a domain of interventional neuroradiolgy. In rare cases, however, the cavernous sinus cannot be reached by an endovascular approach, leaving the access via the superior ophthalmic vein as the last therapeutic option. History, diagnostic findings, and operative procedure for a patient with spontaneous, indirect CCF (Barrow type D) and a patient with traumatic, direct CCF (Barrow type A) are described. In both patients, curative therapeutic success could be achieved. This article focuses on the detailed description and illustration of the combined surgical/endovascular technique.