Rapid HIV testing: issues in implementation.

With the approval of rapid HIV testing and the expected broader use of this technology, community-based organizations incorporating its use face both opportunities and challenges. The primary advantage of rapid testing is the ability to dramatically increase the number of individuals who become aware of their HIV status. Individuals will be able to test for HIV and learn their results in the same session. Many challenges exist, however, for those agencies considering offering rapid HIV testing. For example, given the potential for an increase in the number of individuals seeking rapid testing, there will be a need to ensure that the individuals who are at highest risk for HIV are being tested. In addition, given that rapid testing will be done in a single session, it will be necessary to consider how to effectively address a client's behaviors and attitudes concerning high-risk activities. New types of referrals may also need to be developed, such as for individuals who receive a preliminary positive HIV test result and who will need to return for a confirmatory result. In addition, those receiving confirmatory positive results will require immediate linkages to a variety of services, including medical, mental health, and social services. Also, counselors providing immediate test results may need additional skills and support to address the stress associated with implementing this new technology. Community agencies will need to utilize this technology in a way that maximizes its potential to identify cases of HIV and links individuals as quickly as possible to needed services.