Serological responses to various Coccidioides antigen preparations in a new enzyme immunoassay.

A new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to investigate immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG responses to various coccidioidal antigen preparations. Direct binding and inhibition assays both revealed that the IgG responses of many serum specimens were directed largely to the tube precipitin (TP) antigen even when the microwells were coated with a combination of coccidioidal antigens (CCAs). From a panel of 28 serum specimens containing antibodies to CCAs, 4 serum specimens yielded high IgG signals (absorbance, greater than 1.0) and were negative for IgM (absorbance, less than 0.2), yet all four IgG responses were inhibited by at least 90% with partially purified TP antigens (2.4 micrograms/ml). The IgM and IgG fractions of several serum specimens were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and assayed by using different antigen preparations adsorbed to the microwells. The binding of both IgM and IgG peaks to the microwells coated with the CCA preparation was inhibited significantly by preincubation with TP antigens. One serum specimen (specimen 26) yielded a large IgG response (absorbance, greater than 2.0) with the CCA preparation and also bound directly to microwells coated only with TP antigens. The IgG signal (absorbance) of serum specimen 26 was reduced by 98% when it was preincubated with TP antigens prior to the assay. Significant IgG signals from several other serum specimens were observed when microwells were coated with TP antigen preparations, but they were absent when periodate-treated preparations were used. Two cerebrospinal fluid specimens yielded IgG signals with CCA-coated microwells, which were not inhibited by TP antigens, and yielded no signal with microwells coated only with TP antigens. The results are consistent with the concept that the typical serologic response to TP antigens occurs early in disease progression, but they suggest that TP antigens stimulate both IgM and IgG responses.