Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder producing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).

Hypercalcemia associated with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is rarely encountered. We report a case of TCC of bladder with documented production of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP). Our patient had a rapidly progressive course and died 2 months after radical cystectomy. Literature suggests that these patients present with advanced stage and carry a poor prognosis. The histopathologic features, treatment and prognosis associated with this rare paraneoplastic syndrome are reviewed.