Defects on the dorsum of the hand--the posterior interosseous flap and its alternatives.

There are conditions that preclude the use of the posterior interosseous flap for reconstruction of the dorsum of the hand. Based on a series of 34 cases, these conditions are outlined and alternative solutions discussed. The posterior interosseous flap was employed for closure in 30 cases. In four cases different methods were used due to severe trauma to the wrist and distal forearm with potential impairment of the pedicle, a complex defect requiring a composite flap and an anatomical variation. Thin free flaps were employed alternatively. All flaps survived but there was marginal flap necrosis in two posterior interosseous flaps. The posterior interosseous flap proved its usefulness and reliability in reconstruction of the hand in this series. In four cases, free lateral arm and temporoparietal fascial flaps were employed. Flaps based on the main vessels of the forearm were not used due to their significant donor site morbidity.