Raman spectroscopic characterization of drying-induced structural changes in a therapeutic antibody: correlating structural changes with long-term stability.

We characterized the secondary structure of a therapeutic recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb), formulated with different concentrations of sucrose, trehalose, and histidine and in solution, lyophilized, and spray-dried states. Quantitative secondary structure estimates were obtained using amide I band Raman spectroscopy and a previously developed spectral deconvolution procedure. On lyophilization or spray drying in the absence of sugar, the antibody underwent significant structural perturbation. The beta-sheet content decreased with corresponding gain in the turn and unordered content. With increasing amount of sucrose or trehalose, the extent of structural perturbation decreased. Eventually, at sugar-to-protein molar ratios of > or =360, almost complete structural preservation was observed. Histidine also protected the antibody against lyophilization-induced structural changes. The extent of structural perturbation immediately after lyophilization or spray drying exhibited good correlation with the rate of aggregation for the antibody during long-term storage under accelerated conditions. The results demonstrate that amide I band Raman spectroscopy could be a quick and reliable way to screen excipients and their concentrations during lyophilized or spray dried formulation development. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.