OBJECTIVES: To describe the current prevalence of pediatric hypertension and the relationships between gender, ethnicity, overweight, and blood pressure. METHODS: School-based screening was performed in 5102 children (13.5 +/- 1.7 years) from May through November 2002. Age, gender, ethnicity, weight, and height were ascertained, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). Overweight was defined as BMI > or =95th percentile. Students with blood pressure >95th percentile on the first screening underwent a second screening 1 to 2 weeks later, and then a third screening if blood pressure was >95th percentile at the second screening. RESULTS: Ethnicity distribution was 44% white, 25% Hispanic, 22% African American, and 7% Asian. Overall, overweight prevalence was 20%, which varied significantly by ethnicity (31% Hispanic, 20% African American, 15% white, and 11% Asian). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure after first, second, and third screenings was 19.4%, 9.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. Elevated blood pressure on first screening was highest among Hispanics (25%) and lowest among Asians (14%). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension (elevated blood pressure on 3 screenings) were not significant after controlling for overweight. The prevalence of hypertension increased progressively as the BMI percentile increased from < or =5th percentile (2%) to > or =95th percentile (11%). After adjustment for gender, ethnicity, overweight, and age, the relative risk of hypertension was significant for gender (relative risk: 1.50; confidence interval: 1.15, 1.95) and overweight (relative risk: 3.26; confidence interval: 2.50, 4.24). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm an evolving epidemic of cardiovascular risk in youth, as evidenced by an increase in the prevalence of overweight and hypertension, notably among ethnic minority children.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the current prevalence of pediatric hypertension and the relationships between gender, ethnicity, overweight, and blood pressure. METHODS: School-based screening was performed in 5102 children (13.5 +/- 1.7 years) from May through November 2002. Age, gender, ethnicity, weight, and height were ascertained, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). Overweight was defined as BMI > or =95th percentile. Students with blood pressure >95th percentile on the first screening underwent a second screening 1 to 2 weeks later, and then a third screening if blood pressure was >95th percentile at the second screening. RESULTS: Ethnicity distribution was 44% white, 25% Hispanic, 22% African American, and 7% Asian. Overall, overweight prevalence was 20%, which varied significantly by ethnicity (31% Hispanic, 20% African American, 15% white, and 11% Asian). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure after first, second, and third screenings was 19.4%, 9.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. Elevated blood pressure on first screening was highest among Hispanics (25%) and lowest among Asians (14%). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension (elevated blood pressure on 3 screenings) were not significant after controlling for overweight. The prevalence of hypertension increased progressively as the BMI percentile increased from < or =5th percentile (2%) to > or =95th percentile (11%). After adjustment for gender, ethnicity, overweight, and age, the relative risk of hypertension was significant for gender (relative risk: 1.50; confidence interval: 1.15, 1.95) and overweight (relative risk: 3.26; confidence interval: 2.50, 4.24). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm an evolving epidemic of cardiovascular risk in youth, as evidenced by an increase in the prevalence of overweight and hypertension, notably among ethnic minority children.
Authors: Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg; Melissa J Krauss; Edward L Spitznagel; Kerry Bommarito; Tessa Madden; Margaret A Olsen; Harini Subramaniam; Jeffrey F Peipert; Laura Jean Bierut Journal: Matern Child Health J Date: 2015-06
Authors: Mustafa Mumtaz Mazicioglu; Bektas Murat Yalcin; Ahmet Ozturk; Hasan Basri Ustunbas; Selim Kurtoglu Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2010-08-19 Impact factor: 3.714
Authors: Y Zhou; Z Qian; M G Vaughn; B B Boutwell; M Yang; X-W Zeng; R-Q Liu; X-D Qin; Y Zhu; G-H Dong Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2015-10-08 Impact factor: 3.012
Authors: Ngozi C Agu; Karen McNiece Redwine; Cynthia Bell; Kathleen Marie Garcia; David S Martin; Tim S Poffenbarger; John T Bricker; Ronald J Portman; Monesha Gupta-Malhotra Journal: J Am Soc Hypertens Date: 2014-02-24