Long-acting beta2-agonists or leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of persistent asthma.

It is well accepted that the combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) is effective in achieving asthma control, as it treats both components of asthma pathophysiology, namely inflammation and smooth muscle dysfunction of the airways. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) can also be used as add-ons to ICS therapy in patients whose asthma is not controlled by ICSs alone. The purpose of this review is to compare the effectiveness of ICSs plus LABAs with that of ICSs plus LTRAs for the treatment of persistent asthma that is not controlled by ICSs alone. Several studies have shown that, in comparison with an ICS plus an LTRA, the addition of an LABA to ICS therapy provides greater improvements in pulmonary function and overall control of asthma as measured by use of rescue medication and the number of exacerbations of the asthma, symptom-free days and symptom-free nights. The greater improvements in pulmonary function observed with an ICS plus the LABA, salmeterol, occurred within the first week of treatment (at first treatment assessment), and remained significantly greater than those achieved with an ICS plus an LTRA over the duration of the treatment. Moreover, the salmeterol-fluticasone propionate combination (SFC) produces consistently greater improvements in pulmonary lung function and control of asthma than does the addition of an LTRA to fluticasone propionate. In addition, SFC is a more cost-effective treatment option than fluticasone propionate plus montelukast for patients with asthma that is uncontrolled by ICSs alone. Important cost savings can be made with SFC in clinical practice compared with other combinations of ICSs plus salmeterol or ICSs plus LTRAs.