OBJECTIVES: To determine the degree of facial asymmetry in infants with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate, and quantify improvements following primary surgery, in three dimensions. DESIGN: The faces of 20 infants with unilateral clefts (10 UCL; 10 UCLP), and 20 age-matched, non-cleft controls, were captured using the C3D stereophotogrammetry system prior to primary lip/nose repair (at 3 months), at 6 months and at age 1 year. METHODS: Procrustes techniques were applied to 3D landmark configurations to its mirror image. Mean squared distances between landmarks and their antimeres were calculated and expressed as asymmetry scores for each 3D configuration. Full-face, nose and lip median scores were compared and changes with time evaluated (P < 0.01). RESULTS: There were no significant changes in asymmetry scores in the control group from 3 months to 1 year. The UCLP group was more asymmetric than the UCL group, displaying greatest improvement in nasal symmetry following primary repair. The lips continued to improve over time. The UCL group had significant nasal asymmetry, which did not appear to improve with primary surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate improvement in asymmetry scores in children with UCLP is related to the production of a more symmetrical nasal form after primary surgery. In contrast, the nasal asymmetry seen in children with UCL is unchanged despite surgery. Full face asymmetry scores may mask subtle changes over time. Nasal and lip asymmetry should be considered individually.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the degree of facial asymmetry in infants with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate, and quantify improvements following primary surgery, in three dimensions. DESIGN: The faces of 20 infants with unilateral clefts (10 UCL; 10 UCLP), and 20 age-matched, non-cleft controls, were captured using the C3D stereophotogrammetry system prior to primary lip/nose repair (at 3 months), at 6 months and at age 1 year. METHODS: Procrustes techniques were applied to 3D landmark configurations to its mirror image. Mean squared distances between landmarks and their antimeres were calculated and expressed as asymmetry scores for each 3D configuration. Full-face, nose and lip median scores were compared and changes with time evaluated (P < 0.01). RESULTS: There were no significant changes in asymmetry scores in the control group from 3 months to 1 year. The UCLP group was more asymmetric than the UCL group, displaying greatest improvement in nasal symmetry following primary repair. The lips continued to improve over time. The UCL group had significant nasal asymmetry, which did not appear to improve with primary surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate improvement in asymmetry scores in children with UCLP is related to the production of a more symmetrical nasal form after primary surgery. In contrast, the nasal asymmetry seen in children with UCL is unchanged despite surgery. Full face asymmetry scores may mask subtle changes over time. Nasal and lip asymmetry should be considered individually.
Authors: Dries J Desmedt; Thomas J Maal; Mette A Kuijpers; Ewald M Bronkhorst; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman; Piotr S Fudalej Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2015-03-24 Impact factor: 3.573
Authors: Sander Brons; Machteld E van Beusichem; Ewald M Bronkhorst; Jos Draaisma; Stefaan J Bergé; Thomas J Maal; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-08-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Stanislav Katina; Kathryn McNeil; Ashraf Ayoub; Brendan Guilfoyle; Balvinder Khambay; Paul Siebert; Federico Sukno; Mario Rojas; Liberty Vittert; John Waddington; Paul F Whelan; Adrian W Bowman Journal: J Anat Date: 2015-12-11 Impact factor: 2.610
Authors: Sander Brons; Jene W Meulstee; Tom G J Loonen; Rania M Nada; Mette A R Kuijpers; Ewald M Bronkhorst; Stefaan J Bergé; Thomas J J Maal; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman Journal: PeerJ Date: 2019-07-30 Impact factor: 2.984
Authors: Mange Manyama; Jacinda R Larson; Denise K Liberton; Campbell Rolian; Francis J Smith; Emmanuel Kimwaga; Japhet Gilyoma; Kenneth D Lukowiak; Richard A Spritz; Benedikt Hallgrimsson Journal: BMC Oral Health Date: 2014-07-29 Impact factor: 2.757