Human memory B cells transferred by allogenic bone marrow transplantation contribute significantly to the antibody repertoire of the recipient.

The bone marrow is an important source of Abs involved in long-term protection from recurrence of infections. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) fails to restore this working memory. Attempts to overcome this immunodeficiency by immunization of the donor have not been very successful. More needs to be known about transfer of B cell memory by BMT. We tracked memory B cells from the donor to the recipient during BMT of a girl with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Vaccination of her HLA-identical sibling donor 7 days before harvest induced Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (HibCP)-specific B cells readily detectable in marrow and blood. BMT did not lead to spontaneous production of HibCP Abs, but the recipient responded well to booster immunizations 9 and 11 mo after BMT. HibCP-specific B cells were obtained 7 days after the vaccinations, and their V(H) genes were sequenced and analyzed for rearrangements and unique patterns of somatic hypermutations identifying clonally related cells. Ninety (74%) of 121 sequences were derived from only 16 precursors. Twelve clones were identified in the donor, and representatives from all of them were detected in the recipient where they constituted 61 and 68% of the responding B cells after the first and second vaccinations, respectively. No evidence for re-entry of memory clones into the process of somatic hypermutation was seen in the recipient. Thus, memory B cells were transferred from the donor, persisted for at least 9 mo in the recipient, and constituted the major part of the HibCP-specific repertoire.