BACKGROUND: Considerable debate exists on the epidemiology of genital anomalies. METHODS: All genital anomalies, excluding undescended testes, were identified from neonatal returns, stillbirth and infant death survey records, and returns relating to hospital admissions and linked to form infant profiles on a cohort of singleton births between 1988 and 1997 with follow up for a minimum of three years. FINDINGS: The mean genital anomaly prevalence rate in Scotland was calculated at 4.6 per 1000 births varying from 4.0 per 1000 births in 1988 to 5.9 per 1000 births in 1996. However, there was no evidence of a clear trend to an increasing prevalence of hypospadias, which constituted 73% of the anomalies studied. Logistic regression analysis of the data also showed this rate to be independently associated with being relatively small for gestational age (odds ratio (OR) 1.43, p < 0.001) and increasing maternal age (OR 1.2, p < 0.05). Infants born in deprived areas, as judged by the Carstairs deprivation score, were least likely to have a genital anomaly (OR 0.73, p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: A new linked register of congenital genital anomalies in Scotland suggests that over a decade, the birth prevalence of genital anomalies has changed little. The associations between genital anomalies, maternal age, and socioeconomic deprivation require further study.
BACKGROUND: Considerable debate exists on the epidemiology of genital anomalies. METHODS: All genital anomalies, excluding undescended testes, were identified from neonatal returns, stillbirth and infant death survey records, and returns relating to hospital admissions and linked to form infant profiles on a cohort of singleton births between 1988 and 1997 with follow up for a minimum of three years. FINDINGS: The mean genital anomaly prevalence rate in Scotland was calculated at 4.6 per 1000 births varying from 4.0 per 1000 births in 1988 to 5.9 per 1000 births in 1996. However, there was no evidence of a clear trend to an increasing prevalence of hypospadias, which constituted 73% of the anomalies studied. Logistic regression analysis of the data also showed this rate to be independently associated with being relatively small for gestational age (odds ratio (OR) 1.43, p < 0.001) and increasing maternal age (OR 1.2, p < 0.05). Infants born in deprived areas, as judged by the Carstairs deprivation score, were least likely to have a genital anomaly (OR 0.73, p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: A new linked register of congenital genital anomalies in Scotland suggests that over a decade, the birth prevalence of genital anomalies has changed little. The associations between genital anomalies, maternal age, and socioeconomic deprivation require further study.
Authors: Naveed Hussain; Azhar Chaghtai; C D Anthony Herndon; Victor C Herson; Ted S Rosenkrantz; Patrick H McKenna Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2002-03 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: B Källén; R Bertollini; E Castilla; A Czeizel; L B Knudsen; M L Martinez-Frias; P Mastroiacovo; O Mutchinick Journal: Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl Date: 1986
Authors: F de Zegher; I Francois; A L Boehmer; G Saggese; J Müller; O Hiort; C Sultan; P Clayton; R Brauner; E Cacciari; L Ibáñez; G Van Vliet; A Tiulpakov; N Saka; M Ritzén; W G Sippell Journal: Horm Res Date: 1998
Authors: Xiao Yu; Natasha Nassar; Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo; Mark Canfield; Boris Groisman; Eva Bermejo-Sánchez; Annukka Ritvanen; Sonja Kiuru-Kuhlefelt; Adriana Benavides; Antonin Sipek; Anna Pierini; Fabrizio Bianchi; Karin Källén; Miriam Gatt; Margery Morgan; David Tucker; M Aaurora Canessa; Rosa Gajardo; Osvaldo M Mutchinick; Elena Szabova; Melinda Csáky-Szunyogh; Giovanna Tagliabue; Janet D Cragan; Wendy N Nembhard; Anke Rissmann; Dorit Goetz; Carol Bower; Gareth Baynam; R Brian Lowry; Juan A Leon; Wei Luo; Jocelyn Rouleau; Ignacio Zarante; Nicolas Fernandez; Emmanuelle Amar; Saeed Dastgiri; Paolo Contiero; Laura E Martínez-de-Villarreal; Barry Borman; J E H Bergman; Hermien E K de Walle; Charlotte A Hobbs; Amy E Nance; A J Agopian Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2019-07-09 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: S Faisal Ahmed; John C Achermann; Wiebke Arlt; Adam H Balen; Gerry Conway; Zoe L Edwards; Sue Elford; Ieuan A Hughes; Louise Izatt; Nils Krone; Harriet L Miles; Stuart O'Toole; Les Perry; Caroline Sanders; Margaret Simmonds; A Michael Wallace; Andrew Watt; Debbie Willis Journal: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) Date: 2011-07 Impact factor: 3.478