Synchronous bilateral primary transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tracts: ten patients with more than five years of follow-up.

Primary transitional cell carcinoma of synchronous bilateral upper urinary tracts is rare. In our patients, end-stage renal disease and renal insufficiency were frequently associated with bilateral upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. The clinical presentations of these patients were similar to that of those with Chinese-herb nephropathy and Balkan endemic nephropathy. Renal-sparing surgery should be performed for patients with adequate renal function preoperatively. Renal autotransplantation combined with pyeloneocystostomy was a good method for 1 patient who was at a high risk of developing recurrent transitional cell carcinoma.