Single- and dual-trauma couples: clinical observations of relational characteristics and dynamics.

Trauma survivors and their spouses/partners who seek therapy often present with unique dynamics owing to the ongoing effects of previous trauma. This article provides a clinical framework for understanding single-trauma (only 1 partner reports a trauma history) and dual-trauma (both partners report a trauma history) couples. The descriptions of single- and dual-trauma couples were developed through several focus group discussions. Interpersonal patterns characteristic of single- and dual-trauma couples are described. We emphasize the importance of using a "trauma lens" when working with couples and families to avoid overlooking important cues about the individual and systemic effects of traumatic stress.