The Notch ligand, Delta-1, partially inhibits GM-CSF-induced differentiation and apoptosis along with reducing the cleavage of PARP in U937 cells.

Notch signaling plays an important role in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Human monoblastic U937 cells undergo differentiation into macrophage-like cells, growth suppression, and apoptosis following stimulation with GM-CSF. We examined the effects of Notch activation induced by Notch ligands on GM-CSF-induced differentiation and apoptosis in U937 cells. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of the effects was investigated. A recombinant Notch ligand, Delta-1 protein did not affect the growth of U937 cells by itself. GM-CSF-induced growth suppression and apoptosis of U937 cells were partially rescued by incubation with Delta-1. Delta-1 also reduced the GM-CSF-induced differentiation. Incubation with Delta-1 did not affect the expression of GM-CSF receptor. GM-CSF stimulation induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT5 and the cleavage of caspase-8, which were not affected by Delta-1 incubation, either. GM-CSF stimulation induced the cleavage of PARP, which is the key molecule for differentiation and apoptosis. We found that incubation with Delta-1 significantly suppressed the GM-CSF-induced cleavage of PARP. Taken together, we found that Notch activation induced by Delta-1 partially inhibited GM-CSF-induced differentiation, growth suppression, and apoptosis, along with reducing the GM-CSF-induced cleavage of PARP. These findings suggest one of the mechanisms by which Notch activation inhibits differentiation and apoptosis.