Lifetime profit as an individual trait and prediction of its breeding values in Spanish Holstein cows.

Genetic parameters for lifetime profit and some productive traits were estimated from records of 42,401 Holstein cows with first calving before May 1996 from Navarra and Basque Autonomous Regions of Spain. Profit from the first, first two, and first three lactations were tested as early measures of profitability. Profit prediction was tested for another population of 2127 cows using selection indexes (Type-Production and economic indexes) and multitrait analysis for directly predicting profit from first-lactation records. High genetic correlations of actual profit with estimated profit from the first two or first three lactation records, (0.97 and 0.99, respectively) suggest that lifetime profit can be accurately estimated from data in second lactation. Profit was positively correlated to production traits (0.79 to 0.83), functional herd life (0.38), mature body weight (0.25), and days in milk (0.35), but genetic correlation was found to be close to zero with calving interval. Complicated relationships among profit and economic traits (i.e., calving interval, days in milk, and functional herd life) were found. Although the correlation between calving interval and profit was near zero, calving interval was the most important trait after production in prediction of sire profit by a stepwise regression analysis. Profit breeding values from multitrait analysis obtained higher correlation (0.48) with actual profit than Spanish official Type-Production index ICO (0.44) and economic index MEG (0.46). A correlation of 0.49 between profit breeding values and the economic index MEG2002, where stature and calving interval were included as new traits, was obtained.