P F Vinger1, J A Capão Filipe. 1. Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, MA, USA. vinger@comcast.net
Abstract
AIMS: To study the mechanism and the means of preventing soccer eye injuries. METHODS: Kicked soccer ball velocities were measured for a range of ages and experience. Soccer balls (sizes 3, 4, and 5), inflated to 3, 6, and 9 psi, were impacted onto an artificial orbit and the results analysed at 1000 frames per second. Protective eyewear was fitted to a headform then impacted and evaluated. RESULTS: The mean peak ball velocity was 20.4 (SD 6.2) m/s. Soccer balls at 18 m/s entered the orbit between 7.5 and 8.7 mm. There was no significant difference in orbital penetration as a result of ball size or pressure. The soccer ball stayed in the orbit approximately 10 ms and appeared to have a suction effect as it withdrew. Protective eyewear that complied with sports protective eyewear standard ASTM F803 prevented contact of the ball to the eye. CONCLUSIONS: The soccer ball causes eye injury by entering the orbit. Protectors that pass ASTM F803 would prevent orbital intrusion.
AIMS: To study the mechanism and the means of preventing soccer eye injuries. METHODS: Kicked soccer ball velocities were measured for a range of ages and experience. Soccer balls (sizes 3, 4, and 5), inflated to 3, 6, and 9 psi, were impacted onto an artificial orbit and the results analysed at 1000 frames per second. Protective eyewear was fitted to a headform then impacted and evaluated. RESULTS: The mean peak ball velocity was 20.4 (SD 6.2) m/s. Soccer balls at 18 m/s entered the orbit between 7.5 and 8.7 mm. There was no significant difference in orbital penetration as a result of ball size or pressure. The soccer ball stayed in the orbit approximately 10 ms and appeared to have a suction effect as it withdrew. Protective eyewear that complied with sports protective eyewear standard ASTM F803 prevented contact of the ball to the eye. CONCLUSIONS: The soccer ball causes eye injury by entering the orbit. Protectors that pass ASTM F803 would prevent orbital intrusion.
Authors: E P Horn; H R McDonald; R N Johnson; E Ai; G A Williams; J M Lewis; P E Rubsamen; P Sternberg; R B Bhisitkul; W F Mieler Journal: Retina Date: 2000 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: Sungbae Moon; Hyun Wook Ryoo; Jae Yun Ahn; Jung Bae Park; Kang Suk Seo; Sang Do Shin; Kyoung Jun Song; Kang Hyun Lee; In Sool Yoo; Jin Seong Cho; Hyun Ho Ryu; Tae Oh Jeong; Seok Ran Yeom; Young Taek Kim; Sung Ok Hong Journal: Int J Ophthalmol Date: 2016-10-18 Impact factor: 1.779