[The concept of microbiological safety of a piloted Martian expedition].

It is the peculiar evolution of the microbial association aboard long-operating space vehicles that lends additional medical, technical and technological risks that may impact crew safety and orbital systems performance. Based on the experience of the Russian space stations, a concept of microbiological safety of a piloted expedition to Mars has been proposed comprising preventive measures, methods, means and technologies to control the microbiological environment in transport vehicles, lander and Martian habitation module.