No oculomotor plant, no final common path.

The assumption that there is an oculomotor plant, a fixed relationship between motoneuron firing rate and eye position, is disproved by brainstem recording studies showing that this relationship depends on which supernuclear subsystem determines firing rate. But it remains possible that there is a final common path (FCP), a fixed relationship between firing rate and muscle force. But then, brainstem recording studies predict that lateral rectus (LR) forces (and probably medial rectus (MR) forces, as well) will be higher in converged than in unconverged gaze for a given eye position. We recently measured these forces and found that they are slightly lower in convergence, disproving the FCP hypothesis. Thus, even the relationship between motoneuron firing rate and muscle force is under supernuclear control. What peripheral oculomotor articulations could vary the relationship of firing rate to muscle force?: (1) Actively movable EOM pulleys could alter oculorotary muscle force for a given oculorotory innervation by altering muscle lengths. (2) 'Outer' motoneurons may function as gamma efferents in conjunction with palisade endings and non-twitch global EOM fibers. (3) Complex nonlinear interactions likely arise among both parallel and serially connected muscle fibers.