Pearl millet transformation system using the positive selectable marker gene phosphomannose isomerase.

Fertile transgenic pearl millet plants expressing a phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) transgene under control of the maize ubiquitin constitutive promoter were obtained using the transformation system described here. Proliferating immature zygotic embryos were used as target tissue for bombardment using a particle inflow gun. Different culture and selection strategies were assessed in order to obtain an optimised mannose selection protocol. Stable integration of the manA gene into the genome of pearl millet was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Stable integration of the manA transgene into the genome of pearl millet was demonstrated in T1 and T2 progeny of two independent transformation events with no more than four to ten copies of the transgene. Similar to results obtained from previous studies with maize and wheat, the manA gene was shown to be a superior selectable marker gene for improving transformation efficiencies when compared to antibiotic or herbicide selectable marker genes.