Gerd Egger1, Reingard Aigner2, Andreas Glasner3, Herwig P Hofer4, Heike Mitterhammer5, Sieglinde Zelzer6. 1. Institute of Pathophysiology, Karl- Franzens University, Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010, Graz, Austria. gerd.egger@eunet.at. 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Graz , 8036, Graz, Austria. 4. Department of Traumatology, University Hospital, Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria. 6. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Karl Franzens University, Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess in patients with multiple trauma the relevance of the following as predictive markers for infections: the inflammation parameters white blood count, body temperature, blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration; blood levels of C-reactive protein, PMN elastase, procalcitonin, neopterin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, malondialdehyde, total antioxidative status; the stress parameters cortisol and lactate. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Intensive Care Unit of a university surgical department. PATIENTS: Twenty-six patients with multiple trauma of differing severity. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Trauma severity was estimated by the ISS. PMN migration upon F-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation was determined in fresh whole blood in a ready-for-use, one-way membrane filter assay and evaluated by automated image analysis. The other parameters were measured with commercially available tests. During hospitalization, nine patients developed infections, and 17 patients were free of infection. PMN migration below a critical minimum preceded infections in eight of the infected, but occurred in only three of the non-infected patients (positive/negative predictive values 0.72/0.93; sensitivity/specificity 0.88/0.82; likelihood ratio 5.0). Fever (> or =38.0 degrees C) had predictive values of 0.83/0.80 and a high likelihood ratio of 9.4, but a low sensitivity/specificity of 0.55/0.94. The other parameters were without significance. Procalcitonin, elastase, C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactate correlated positively with the injury severity score. CONCLUSION: PMN migration proved to be a highly sensitive predictive marker for infections. The whole-blood PMN migration test may facilitate early aggressive antimicrobial therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To assess in patients with multiple trauma the relevance of the following as predictive markers for infections: the inflammation parameters white blood count, body temperature, blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration; blood levels of C-reactive protein, PMN elastase, procalcitonin, neopterin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, malondialdehyde, total antioxidative status; the stress parameters cortisol and lactate. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Intensive Care Unit of a university surgical department. PATIENTS: Twenty-six patients with multiple trauma of differing severity. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:Trauma severity was estimated by the ISS. PMN migration upon F-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation was determined in fresh whole blood in a ready-for-use, one-way membrane filter assay and evaluated by automated image analysis. The other parameters were measured with commercially available tests. During hospitalization, nine patients developed infections, and 17 patients were free of infection. PMN migration below a critical minimum preceded infections in eight of the infected, but occurred in only three of the non-infectedpatients (positive/negative predictive values 0.72/0.93; sensitivity/specificity 0.88/0.82; likelihood ratio 5.0). Fever (> or =38.0 degrees C) had predictive values of 0.83/0.80 and a high likelihood ratio of 9.4, but a low sensitivity/specificity of 0.55/0.94. The other parameters were without significance. Procalcitonin, elastase, C-reactive protein, neopterin and lactate correlated positively with the injury severity score. CONCLUSION: PMN migration proved to be a highly sensitive predictive marker for infections. The whole-blood PMN migration test may facilitate early aggressive antimicrobial therapy.
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