OBJECTIVE: Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) in the Western literature is characterized as preoccupation with the idea that the body emits a foul odor. Japanese patients with a feature similar to ORS have long been recognized as jiko-shu-kyofu, which is believed to be a culture-bound syndrome and specific to Japan. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between the two separate syndromes that had independently been recognized in culturally different settings. METHOD: The phenomenology and treatment of seven patients with jiko-shu-kyofu were described. A feature of jiko-shu-kyofu was then compared with that of ORS. RESULTS: In our cases, clinical characteristics of jiko-shu-kyofu such as symptomatology, insight, and pharmacotherapy response were found identical to those of ORS except for the onset at relatively younger ages. CONCLUSION: Jiko-shu-kyofu and ORS may share a common clinical entity, hence the former is not a culturally distinctive disorder.
OBJECTIVE: Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) in the Western literature is characterized as preoccupation with the idea that the body emits a foul odor. Japanese patients with a feature similar to ORS have long been recognized as jiko-shu-kyofu, which is believed to be a culture-bound syndrome and specific to Japan. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between the two separate syndromes that had independently been recognized in culturally different settings. METHOD: The phenomenology and treatment of seven patients with jiko-shu-kyofu were described. A feature of jiko-shu-kyofu was then compared with that of ORS. RESULTS: In our cases, clinical characteristics of jiko-shu-kyofu such as symptomatology, insight, and pharmacotherapy response were found identical to those of ORS except for the onset at relatively younger ages. CONCLUSION: Jiko-shu-kyofu and ORS may share a common clinical entity, hence the former is not a culturally distinctive disorder.
Authors: Geoffrey M Reed; Michael B First; Cary S Kogan; Steven E Hyman; Oye Gureje; Wolfgang Gaebel; Mario Maj; Dan J Stein; Andreas Maercker; Peter Tyrer; Angelica Claudino; Elena Garralda; Luis Salvador-Carulla; Rajat Ray; John B Saunders; Tarun Dua; Vladimir Poznyak; María Elena Medina-Mora; Kathleen M Pike; José L Ayuso-Mateos; Shigenobu Kanba; Jared W Keeley; Brigitte Khoury; Valery N Krasnov; Maya Kulygina; Anne M Lovell; Jair de Jesus Mari; Toshimasa Maruta; Chihiro Matsumoto; Tahilia J Rebello; Michael C Roberts; Rebeca Robles; Pratap Sharan; Min Zhao; Assen Jablensky; Pichet Udomratn; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Per-Anders Rydelius; Sabine Bährer-Kohler; Ann D Watts; Shekhar Saxena Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2019-02 Impact factor: 49.548