BACKGROUND: Enteric glia protect the integrity of the gut, as loss of enteric glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive (+) glia leads to a haemorrhagic jejunoileitis. Crohn's disease (CD) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) show pathological changes in enteric glia. Therefore, factors controlling GFAP+ enteric glia are of great interest. The aim of the present study was to characterise enteric glia and determine the effect of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on cultured enteric glia. METHODS: Dissected rat colon and cultured enteric glia cells were double labelled with anti-GFAP and anti-S-100 antibodies. For regulatory studies, enteric glia cells were treated with cytokines and LPS. Proliferation was assayed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and mitosis of enteric glia was blocked by demecolcine. RESULTS: We were able to distinguish GFAP negative (-) from GFAP+ glia subtypes in situ and in primary cultures. Incubation of cells with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and LPS led to a significant increase in GFAP+ enteric glia while IL-4 had no effect on GFAP expression. After incubation with IL-1beta, total intracellular GFAP of enteric glia cells was increased. Upregulation of GFAP+ enteric glia could also be observed after stimulation with IL-1beta on blocking mitosis. BrdU uptake in stimulated enteric glia showed no increased proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS: Two different types of enteric glia based on GFAP expression exist in the gut. Proinflammatory cytokines and LPS cause a dramatic increase in GFAP+ enteric glia. This suggests that cytokines play an important role in controlling GFAP+ enteric glia which might in turn be involved in modulating the integrity of the bowel during inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Enteric glia protect the integrity of the gut, as loss of enteric glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive (+) glia leads to a haemorrhagic jejunoileitis. Crohn's disease (CD) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) show pathological changes in enteric glia. Therefore, factors controlling GFAP+ enteric glia are of great interest. The aim of the present study was to characterise enteric glia and determine the effect of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on cultured enteric glia. METHODS: Dissected rat colon and cultured enteric glia cells were double labelled with anti-GFAP and anti-S-100 antibodies. For regulatory studies, enteric glia cells were treated with cytokines and LPS. Proliferation was assayed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and mitosis of enteric glia was blocked by demecolcine. RESULTS: We were able to distinguish GFAP negative (-) from GFAP+ glia subtypes in situ and in primary cultures. Incubation of cells with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and LPS led to a significant increase in GFAP+ enteric glia while IL-4 had no effect on GFAP expression. After incubation with IL-1beta, total intracellular GFAP of enteric glia cells was increased. Upregulation of GFAP+ enteric glia could also be observed after stimulation with IL-1beta on blocking mitosis. BrdU uptake in stimulated enteric glia showed no increased proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS: Two different types of enteric glia based on GFAP expression exist in the gut. Proinflammatory cytokines and LPS cause a dramatic increase in GFAP+ enteric glia. This suggests that cytokines play an important role in controlling GFAP+ enteric glia which might in turn be involved in modulating the integrity of the bowel during inflammation.
Authors: T G Bush; T C Savidge; T C Freeman; H J Cox; E A Campbell; L Mucke; M H Johnson; M V Sofroniew Journal: Cell Date: 1998-04-17 Impact factor: 41.582
Authors: Panagiotis S Kabouridis; Reena Lasrado; Sarah McCallum; Song Hui Chng; Hugo J Snippert; Hans Clevers; Sven Pettersson; Vassilis Pachnis Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2015
Authors: Y Zhang; D Bitner; A A Pontes Filho; F Li; S Liu; H Wang; F Yang; S Adhikari; J Gordon; S Srinivasan; W Hu Journal: Neurogastroenterol Motil Date: 2013-09-09 Impact factor: 3.598