BACKGROUND: There is a continuing need to evaluate sustainable interventions for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV type 1. We evaluated different concentrations (0.25%, 1%, and 2%) of chlorhexidine (CHX) for perinatal maternal and infant washes to identify the maximum tolerable concentration of CHX for such an intervention. METHODS: Women were enrolled during their third trimester at the maternity unit of the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa, and perinatal maternal and infant washes were completed. Subjective maternal symptoms as well as infant examinations were used to assess tolerability of the washes. RESULTS: The 0.25% concentration of CHX was well tolerated by the mothers (n = 29). Ten of 79 women (13%) with 1% CHX washes complained of mild vaginal area burning or itching, and washes were stopped in 5 (6%). Twenty-three of 75 women (31%) in the 2% CHX wash group had subjective complaints, and the washes were stopped in 12 (16%). There were no clinical indications of toxicity of the CHX washes among infants. CONCLUSION: A 1% solution of CHX appears to be a safe and tolerable concentration of CHX for consideration in an MTCT prevention trial.
BACKGROUND: There is a continuing need to evaluate sustainable interventions for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV type 1. We evaluated different concentrations (0.25%, 1%, and 2%) of chlorhexidine (CHX) for perinatal maternal and infant washes to identify the maximum tolerable concentration of CHX for such an intervention. METHODS:Women were enrolled during their third trimester at the maternity unit of the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa, and perinatal maternal and infant washes were completed. Subjective maternal symptoms as well as infant examinations were used to assess tolerability of the washes. RESULTS: The 0.25% concentration of CHX was well tolerated by the mothers (n = 29). Ten of 79 women (13%) with 1% CHX washes complained of mild vaginal area burning or itching, and washes were stopped in 5 (6%). Twenty-three of 75 women (31%) in the 2% CHX wash group had subjective complaints, and the washes were stopped in 12 (16%). There were no clinical indications of toxicity of the CHX washes among infants. CONCLUSION: A 1% solution of CHX appears to be a safe and tolerable concentration of CHX for consideration in an MTCT prevention trial.
Authors: P Gaillard; F Mwanyumba; C Verhofstede; P Claeys; V Chohan; E Goetghebeur; K Mandaliya; J Ndinya-Achola; M Temmerman Journal: AIDS Date: 2001-02-16 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: R Nduati; G John; D Mbori-Ngacha; B Richardson; J Overbaugh; A Mwatha; J Ndinya-Achola; J Bwayo; F E Onyango; J Hughes; J Kreiss Journal: JAMA Date: 2000-03-01 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: W Andiman; Y Bryson; M de Martino; M Fowler; D Harris; C Hutto; B Korber; A Kovacs; S Landesman; M Lindsay; N Lapointe; L Mandelbrot; M-L Newell; H Peavy; J Read; C Rudin; A Semprini; R Simonds; R Tuomala Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1999-04-01 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: R Kawana; T Kitamura; O Nakagomi; I Matsumoto; M Arita; N Yoshihara; K Yanagi; A Yamada; O Morita; Y Yoshida; Y Furuya; S Chiba Journal: Dermatology Date: 1997 Impact factor: 5.366
Authors: Sarah Saleem; Dwight J Rouse; Elizabeth M McClure; Anita Zaidi; Tahira Reza; Y Yahya; I A Memon; N H Khan; G Memon; N Soomro; Omrana Pasha; Linda L Wright; Janet Moore; Robert L Goldenberg Journal: Obstet Gynecol Date: 2010-06 Impact factor: 7.661
Authors: Luke C Mullany; Gary L Darmstadt; Subarna K Khatry; Steve C LeClerq; James M Tielsch Journal: Indian Pediatr Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 1.411
Authors: Aaron M Milstone; Penny Bamford; Susan W Aucott; Ningfeng Tang; Kimberly R White; Cynthia F Bearer Journal: Pediatr Res Date: 2013-10-14 Impact factor: 3.756
Authors: Fernando C Barros; Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta; Maneesh Batra; Thomas N Hansen; Cesar G Victora; Craig E Rubens Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2010-02-23 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Luke C Mullany; Subarna K Khatry; Jeevan B Sherchand; Steven C LeClerq; Gary L Darmstadt; Joanne Katz; Punita Gauchan; Ramesh K Adhikari; Ashma Rana; James M Tielsch Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: E M McClure; R L Goldenberg; N Brandes; G L Darmstadt; L L Wright; Deborah Armbruster; Robert Biggar; Joyce Carpenter; Michael J Free; Donald Mattison; Matthews Mathai; Nancy Moss; Luke C Mullany; Stephanie Schrag; James Tielsch; Jorge Tolosa; Stephen N Wall; Anne Schuchat; Abdelkrim Smine Journal: Int J Gynaecol Obstet Date: 2007-03-30 Impact factor: 3.561