Experience with the preclinical assessment of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).

Repeated intravenous administrations were carried out in cynomolgus monkeys and rats (S.D.) for a maximum of 4 weeks at doses of 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/kg/day in stable formulation. Three main target organs were identified: red blood cells (RBC), kidney glomeruli (KG) and bone at the top dose level. RBC: Normochromic normocytic anaemia started in rats and monkeys during the second week of treatment (decrease in red blood cell production). The kinetics of this anaemia, as well as its recovery, will be discussed. Bone: Dramatic hyperostosis in rats was present by day 10 in long or spongious bone. This became marked on day 29 and regressed after treatment was stopped. KG: In the rat glomerular lesions were present starting from day 16. They consisted of enlargement and vacuolation of podocytes with loss of foot processes and adhesions between glomerular tuft and Bowman's capsule. Proteinuria was a striking feature. In the monkey the lesions were hyperplasia of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule which involved replacement of normally flattened epithelium by cuboidal cells, with some pseudostratification. Proteinuria also occurred in monkeys, accompanied by a lowering of serum protein (albumin). In two animals, death (by day 15) was preceded by high levels of urea and blood creatinine. The above lesions (KG) disappeared almost completely over a recovery period. It is suggested that these phenomena are not the expression of direct toxicity in the form of lethal insults, but rather a manifestation of a change in cell activity.