OBJECTIVE: Microvascular thrombosis is a common feature of acute inflammatory lung injury, as occurs in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the underlying pathomechanisms are presently not fully understood. DESIGN: Experimental. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Lung endothelial cells. INTERVENTIONS: We characterized the expression of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (t-PA and u-PA) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2 in human endothelial cells (EC) from the microvascular pulmonary circulation (HMVEC-L) and compared it with that of EC from pulmonary artery (HPAEC) and umbilical vein (HUVEC) under baseline conditions and upon stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lipopolysaccharide. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed for quantification of messenger RNA and protein concentrations. Under baseline conditions, comparable PAI-1 expression was noted in all EC. HPAEC were characterized by significantly higher baseline expression of t-PA and PAI-2 compared with HUVEC and HMVEC-L. In contrast, u-PA messenger RNA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in nonstimulated HMVEC-L compared with HUVEC and HPAEC. In all EC, stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of PAI-1, PAI-2, and u-PA and decreased t-PA expression. The changes in messenger RNA content were reflected by corresponding changes in the protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: High baseline u-PA expression is a prominent feature of human lung microvascular EC, whereas pulmonary artery EC are characterized by high t-PA concentrations. Microbial and inflammatory challenge provokes up-regulation of PAI-1 and PAI-2 and down-regulation of t-PA in both macro- and microvascular pulmonary EC, which may favor local fibrin deposition.
OBJECTIVE:Microvascular thrombosis is a common feature of acute inflammatory lung injury, as occurs in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the underlying pathomechanisms are presently not fully understood. DESIGN: Experimental. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Lung endothelial cells. INTERVENTIONS: We characterized the expression of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (t-PA and u-PA) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2 in human endothelial cells (EC) from the microvascular pulmonary circulation (HMVEC-L) and compared it with that of EC from pulmonary artery (HPAEC) and umbilical vein (HUVEC) under baseline conditions and upon stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lipopolysaccharide. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed for quantification of messenger RNA and protein concentrations. Under baseline conditions, comparable PAI-1 expression was noted in all EC. HPAEC were characterized by significantly higher baseline expression of t-PA and PAI-2 compared with HUVEC and HMVEC-L. In contrast, u-PA messenger RNA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in nonstimulated HMVEC-L compared with HUVEC and HPAEC. In all EC, stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of PAI-1, PAI-2, and u-PA and decreased t-PA expression. The changes in messenger RNA content were reflected by corresponding changes in the protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: High baseline u-PA expression is a prominent feature of human lung microvascular EC, whereas pulmonary artery EC are characterized by high t-PA concentrations. Microbial and inflammatory challenge provokes up-regulation of PAI-1 and PAI-2 and down-regulation of t-PA in both macro- and microvascular pulmonary EC, which may favor local fibrin deposition.
Authors: George Su; Maki Hodnett; Nanyan Wu; Amha Atakilit; Cynthia Kosinski; Mika Godzich; Xiao Zhu Huang; Jiyeun K Kim; James A Frank; Michael A Matthay; Dean Sheppard; Jean-François Pittet Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Date: 2006-11-01 Impact factor: 6.914
Authors: Elizabeth A Calle; Mahboobe Ghaedi; Sumati Sundaram; Amogh Sivarapatna; Michelle K Tseng; Laura E Niklason Journal: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng Date: 2014-03-28 Impact factor: 4.538