[Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in children: a difficult diagnosis but a reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction].

UNLABELLED: Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible left ventricular dysfunction caused by cardiac arrhythmia. Because of its reversibility, a correct diagnosis and treatment are necessary. The aim of our study was to precise the diagnostic procedures of the tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and to study the left ventricular function after the correction of the arrhythmia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study done between 1992 and 2001. Children studied were followed-up for: an idiopathic form of cardiomyopathy, in which the etiological research showed a cardiac arrhythmia; a cardiac arrhythmia associated to a cardiomyopathy. An electrocardiogram recorded the cardiac arrhythmia. The left ventricular function was evaluated by an echocardiography before and every month after the correction of the cardiac arrhythmia.
RESULTS: Twelve children were included, ages ranged from 2 months to 15 years (median 11 years). Four patients presented a cardiac insufficiency associated to arrhythmia; three followed-up for an arrhythmia developed a cardiomyopathy; five whose cardiac arrhythmia was not easy to demonstrate had an idiopathic form of cardiomyopathy. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant amelioration (P < 0.01) of the left ventricular function after the correction of the cardiac arrhythmia.
CONCLUSIONS: Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in children is curable and the diagnosis is quite difficult. Pediatricians and family doctors should try to look for specific signs of cardiac insufficiency or arrhythmia. Pediatric cardiologists should search a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in every idiopathic form of cardiomyopathy.