The efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Angiogenesis is thought to play a major role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), considered by many to be a hyperplastic disorder caused in part by local production of inflammatory cytokines. The antiangiogenic effects of protease inhibitors, in particular ritonavir, have been suggested in laboratory work to lead to regression of KS, and recent data have shown the importance of ritonavir as a model of pharmaceutical development. As our clinical cohort data has shown that non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens are not inferior to protease inhibitor-based therapy in the prevention of KS, we investigated the specific contribution of ritonavir to chemoprevention of this AIDS-defining illness. In a logistic regression analysis, we found that ritonavir-based therapy confers no advantages compared to other regimens in the prevention of KS. This is consistent with data suggesting that regression of KS is mediated by an overall improvement in immune function and not by the effects of specific antiretrovirals. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.