Admission C-reactive protein levels and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Elevated C-reactive protein levels are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina. However, limited information is available concerning the value of C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
METHODS: We prospectively studied 448 consecutive patients (mean [+/- SD] age, 60 +/- 12 years) with acute myocardial infarction. Serum C-reactive protein levels were measured within 12 to 24 hours of symptom onset, and divided into tertiles. Infarct size was determined by echocardiographic examination that was performed on day 2 or 3. Patients were followed for 30 days for mortality and subsequent cardiac events.
RESULTS: At 30 days, 4 deaths (3%) occurred in patients in the lowest C-reactive protein tertile, 15 (10%) in patients in the middle tertile (P = 0.02 vs. the lowest tertile), and 33 (22%) in patients in the highest tertile (P <0.001 vs. the lowest tertile). In a multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein in the upper tertile was associated with 30-day mortality (relative risk = 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 7.2; P = 0.01) and the development of heart failure (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.6; P = 0.0006). C-reactive protein levels were not associated with the development of postinfarction angina, recurrent myocardial infarction, or the need for revascularization.
CONCLUSION: Plasma C-reactive protein level obtained within 12 to 24 hours of symptom onset is an independent marker of 30-day mortality and the development of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that C-reactive protein levels may be related to inflammatory processes associated with infarct expansion and postinfarction ventricular remodeling.