Quantum oscillations in the layer structure of thin metal films.

Understanding the underlying physical principles that determine the internal structure of objects at the atomic scale is critical for the advancement of nanoscale science. We have performed synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies to determine the structural properties of smooth Pb films with varying thicknesses of 6 to 18 monolayers deposited on a Si(111) substrate at 110 K. We observe quasibilayer variations in the atomic interlayer spacings of the films consistent with charge density oscillations due to quantum confinement of conduction electrons and surface-interface interference effects. Quantum oscillations in atomic step height are also deduced.